Which of the following is the correct order f | vedclass

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(C) The rate of nucleophilic addition reaction $(N.A.R.)$ is directly proportional to the electron deficiency of the carbonyl carbon. Electron-withdra

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$iii > ii > i > iv$

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(C) The rate of nucleophilic addition reaction $(N.A.R.)$ is directly proportional to the electron deficiency of the carbonyl carbon. Electron-withdrawing groups ($-I$ or $-M$ effect) increase the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon,thereby increasing the rate of $N.A.R.$. Electron-donating groups ($+I$ or $+M$ effect) decrease the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon,thereby decreasing the rate of $N.A.R.$. Comparing the substituents: (iii) $-NO_2$ group has a strong $-M$ and $-I$ effect (strongly electron-withdrawing). (ii) $-Cl$ group has a $-I$ effect but a $+M$ effect (overall electron-withdrawing due to $-I > +M$). $(i)$ No substituent. (iv) $-OH$ group has a strong $+M$ effect (strongly electron-donating). Therefore,the order of reactivity is: $(iii) > (ii) > (i) > (iv)$.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$1.$ Ammoniacal $AgNO_3$	$a.$ Primary amine
$2.$ $HIO_4$	$b.$ Aldehyde
$3.$ Alkaline $KMnO_4$	$c.$ Vicinal-$OH$
$4.$ Chloroform $NaOH$	$d.$ Double bond

Which of the following is the correct order for the rate of nucleophilic addition of the given compounds?

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