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(A) The Lanthanoid contraction is the steady decrease in the atomic and ionic radii of the lanthanoids with increasing atomic number.$1$. The similari

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$5d$ series elements have a higher $IE_1$ than $3d$ or $4d$ series

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(A) The Lanthanoid contraction is the steady decrease in the atomic and ionic radii of the lanthanoids with increasing atomic number.$1$. The similarity in size between $Zr$ ($4d$ series) and $Hf$ ($5d$ series) is a direct consequence of the Lanthanoid contraction.$2$. Because $Zr$ and $Hf$ have similar sizes and chemical properties,they occur together in nature.$3$. The high density of the sixth period elements is also a result of the Lanthanoid contraction,as the volume of the atoms decreases while the mass increases.$4$. The $IE_1$ (first ionization energy) of $5d$ series elements is generally higher than that of $3d$ and $4d$ series elements,but this is primarily due to the poor shielding effect of $4f$ electrons and the increased effective nuclear charge,not a direct consequence of the contraction itself in the context of the other options provided.

Which of the following is not a consequence of the Lanthanoid contraction?

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