Which of the following processes involves the principle of electrostatic induction?

$A$ charge $Q$ of mass $m$ revolves around a charge $q$ due to the electrostatic attraction between them. The time period of its motion can be given by the formula:

Two identical charged spheres are suspended by strings of equal lengths. The strings make an angle of $30^{\circ}$ with each other. When suspended in a liquid of density $0.8 \; g \, cm^{-3}$,the angle remains the same. If the density of the material of the sphere is $1.6 \; g \, cm^{-3}$,the dielectric constant of the liquid is:

Two identical metal spheres charged with $+12 \mu C$ and $-8 \mu C$ are kept at a certain distance in air. They are brought into contact and then kept at the same distance. The ratio of the magnitudes of electrostatic forces between them before and after contact is (in $: 1$)

$A$ Van de Graaff generator produces:

During lightning,a current pulse,as shown in the figure,flows from a cloud at a height of $1.5 \ km$ to the ground. If the breakdown electric field of humid air is about $400 \ kVm^{-1}$,the energy released during lightning would be (in units of $10^9 \ J$):