Which of the following structures is characteristically present only in the mammalian brain?

The part of the brain which is involved in interpreting an input,storing input information,and initiating a response in the light of similar past experience is:

Each spinal nerve in a mammal arises from the spinal cord by two roots,a dorsal and a ventral. Of these,the ventral root is composed of:

Which cranial nerve provides innervation to the heart?

Statement $I :-$ The cerebral medulla is referred to as the grey matter due to its greyish appearance.
Statement $II :-$ The neuron cell bodies are concentrated in cerebral medulla giving the colour.

Association areas of the brain are