Which of the following undergoes sulphonation | vedclass

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(D) Sulphonation is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of this reaction depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. El

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$C_6H_6$

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(D) Sulphonation is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of this reaction depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Electron-donating groups increase the electron density and thus increase the rate of reaction,while electron-withdrawing groups decrease the electron density and decrease the rate of reaction.$1$. $C_6H_5NO_2$: The $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group ($-I$ and $-M$ effect),which strongly deactivates the benzene ring.$2$. $C_6H_5CH_2NO_2$: The $-CH_2NO_2$ group is electron-withdrawing due to the $-I$ effect of the $-NO_2$ group,which deactivates the ring.$3$. $C_6H_5CH_2CH_2NO_2$: The $-CH_2CH_2NO_2$ group is also electron-withdrawing due to the $-I$ effect of the $-NO_2$ group,but the effect is weaker than in the previous cases because the $-NO_2$ group is further from the ring.$4$. $C_6H_6$ (Benzene): Benzene has no substituent attached to it. Compared to the other substituted benzenes where the substituents are electron-withdrawing,benzene has a higher electron density in the ring.Therefore,$C_6H_6$ undergoes sulphonation at the fastest rate among the given options.

Which of the following undergoes sulphonation at the fastest rate?

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