Which of the following would appear as the pi | vedclass

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(C) The correct answer is $C$. Bare rocky habitats are extremely hostile environments for living organisms. These areas lack water because the rocky s

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Lichens

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(C) The correct answer is $C$. Bare rocky habitats are extremely hostile environments for living organisms. These areas lack water because the rocky substratum cannot absorb or retain rainwater. Additionally, there is no mechanism for nutrient retention, making it difficult for most plants to grow. $Lichens$ are the pioneer species in such habitats because they are highly resistant to desiccation (drying out) and can withstand extreme temperature fluctuations. They secrete acids that help in the weathering of rocks, which eventually leads to soil formation and allows other successional species to colonize the area.

Which of the following would appear as the pioneer organisms on bare rocks?

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