Which one has maximum electron affinity?

In which of the following processes is the least energy required?

Which of the following processes involves absorption of energy?

Assertion $(A)$: Fluorine has a smaller negative electron gain enthalpy than chlorine.
Reason $(R)$: The electron-electron repulsion is higher in chlorine than in fluorine.

The formation of the oxide ion $O^{2-}_{(g)}$ requires first an exothermic and then an endothermic step as shown below:
$O_{(g)} + e^{-} \to O^{-}_{(g)}; \Delta H = -142 \, kJ \, mol^{-1}$
$O^{-}_{(g)} + e^{-} \to O^{2-}_{(g)}; \Delta H = 844 \, kJ \, mol^{-1}$
This is because:

In which of the following processes is energy absorbed?