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(C) When silicon $(Si)$ is doped with an impurity having a valency less than $4$, a $p$-type semiconductor is obtained.Silicon belongs to group $14$ a

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$In$

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(C) When silicon $(Si)$ is doped with an impurity having a valency less than $4$, a $p$-type semiconductor is obtained.Silicon belongs to group $14$ and has a valency of $4$.Elements like $As$ (Arsenic), $P$ (Phosphorus), and $Sb$ (Antimony) belong to group $15$ and have a valency of $5$, which results in $n$-type semiconductors.$In$ (Indium) belongs to group $13$ and has a valency of $3$.Therefore, doping $Si$ with $In$ creates electron holes, resulting in a $p$-type semiconductor.

Which one of the following elements, when present as an impurity in silicon, makes it a $p$-type semiconductor?

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