Which one of the following is the effect of higher $pH$ on the sperms?

$A$: After menopause,the levels of blood gonadotropins rise markedly.
$R$: At the time of menopause,all the ovarian follicles are converted into follicular atresia,and the ovaries do not respond to the gonadotropins.

At menopause,there is a rise in the urinary excretion of:

Match the columns.

Column $I$	Column $II$
$(a)$ Testis and ovary	$(1)$ Part of reproductive organ that transports germ cells
$(b)$ Clitoris	$(2)$ Developing fleshy fold surrounding both sides of the urogenital groove
$(c)$ Oviduct	$(3)$ Gametes which produce germ cells
$(d)$ Scrotum,labium majora	$(4)$ Organs associated with sexual response

Secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum is initiated by

Identify the parts $a, b, c,$ and $d$ in the given diagram of the human mammary gland.