Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?

$A$: Some organisms can maintain internal homeostasis by means of physiological processes and are called 'Regulators'.
$R$: 'Regulators' can maintain internal homeostasis only up to a limit of stressful conditions.

Consider the following four conditions $(1-4)$ and select a correct pair of them as adaptations to the environment in desert lizards.
Conditions:
$1$. Burrowing in soil to escape high temperature.
$2$. Losing heat rapidly from the body during high temperature.
$3$. Bask in sun when temperature is low.
$4$. Insulating body due to thick fatty dermis.

All types of latitudinal biomes are found telescoped on high hills found in

Which scientist proposed that a population is a group of individuals of the same species?

$A$ treeless biome is