Which one of the following reasons is proposed for the greater species diversity in tropical environments compared to temperate ones?

The species-area relationship is a straight line described by the equation:

Approximately $25\%$ of all insects are known to be phytophagous (feeding on plant sap and other parts of plants).

Degree of biodiversity increases from

Choose the incorrect sentence$(s)$ regarding latitudinal gradients.
$(I)$ Biodiversity throughout the world shows uneven distribution.
$(II)$ According to latitudinal gradient,there is no major difference in biodiversity.
$(III)$ Species diversity increases as we move away from the equator towards the poles.
$(IV)$ Biodiversity increases as we move from temperate to tropical regions.

Match the correct pair.

Column $- I$	Column $- II$ (Bird species)
$(a)$ Colombia	$(p)\; 1200$
$(b)$ $41^o N$ New York	$(q)\; 1400$
$(c)$ India	$(r)\; 105$
$(d)$ Greenland at $71^o N$	$(s)\; 56$