Which unicellular organism reproduces by budding?

$(i)$ Some organisms have the capacity of reproducing by using a single parent. Such organisms have a simple body structure.
$(a)$ What is this method called?
$(b)$ Name any four types of this method.
$(c)$ Give two examples of organisms using this method for reproduction.
$(ii)$ Identify the method of reproduction used by $Spirogyra$ and $Rhizopus$.

In human females,an event that reflects the onset of the reproductive phase is:

State whether the following statement is true or false: $A$ thick and spongy lining of the uterus is required for nourishing the embryo if fertilization has taken place.

Which among the following statements are true for sexual reproduction in flowering plants?
$(i)$ It requires two types of gametes
$(ii)$ Fertilisation is a compulsory event
$(iii)$ It always results in formation of zygote
$(iv)$ Offspring formed are clones

What are those organisms called which bear both the sex organs in the same individual? Give one example of such an organism.