Who decides the upward direction in an artificial satellite?

The orbital velocity of an artificial satellite in a circular orbit very close to the Earth is $v$. The velocity of a geostationary satellite orbiting in a circular orbit at an altitude of $3R$ from the Earth's surface will be

The motion of planets in the solar system is an example of the conservation of

An artificial satellite of mass $500 \ kg$ is orbiting the Earth. If its areal velocity is $4 \times 10^4 \ m^2s^{-1}$,find its angular momentum.

Satellites which give high value data for remote sensing,meteorology and environmental studies are

$A$ satellite of mass $M$ is in a circular orbit of radius $R$ about the center of the Earth. $A$ meteorite of the same mass $M$,falling towards the Earth,collides with the satellite completely inelastically. The speeds of the satellite and the meteorite are the same,just before the collision. The subsequent motion of the combined body will be: