(C) The antibiotic penicillin was discovered by $Alexander \text{ } Fleming$ in $1928$. He observed that the mold $Penicillium \text{ } notatum$ inhib

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(C) The antibiotic penicillin was discovered by $Alexander \text{ } Fleming$ in $1928$. He observed that the mold $Penicillium \text{ } notatum$ inhibited the growth of the bacterium $Staphylococcus \text{ } aureus$. This discovery marked the beginning of the antibiotic era in medicine.