Why are magnetic field lines closed curves?

$(a)$ Describe an activity to determine the direction of magnetic field produced by a current-carrying straight conductor. Also,show that the direction of the magnetic field is reversed on reversing the direction of current.
$(b)$ An $\alpha$-particle (which is a positively charged particle) enters a uniform magnetic field at right angles to it as shown below. Stating the relevant principle,explain in which direction will this $\alpha$-particle move?

State the direction of the magnetic field in the following case:

Name the factors on which the force acting on a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field depends.

What is the coil-like structure made of insulated copper wire wound in a cylindrical shape called?

$(a)$ Draw a schematic labelled diagram of a domestic wiring circuit which includes $(i)$ a main fuse,$(ii)$ a power meter,$(iii)$ one light point,and $(iv)$ a power plug.
$(b)$ Why is it necessary to connect an earth wire to electric appliances having metallic covers?