Why do proton gradients form across the thylakoid membrane during the light reaction of photosynthesis?

  • A
    Due to the splitting of water molecules on the inner side of the membrane.
  • B
    Due to the movement of protons from the stroma to the lumen during electron transport.
  • C
    Due to the reduction of $NADP^+$ to $NADPH$ in the stroma.
  • D
    All of the above.

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