Write a note on Liverworts.

(N/A) $\rightarrow$ Habitat: Liverworts usually grow in moist,shady habitats such as banks of streams,marshy ground,damp soil,bark of trees,and deep in the woods. The plant body of a liverwort is thalloid,e.g.,$Marchantia$.
$\rightarrow$ The leafy members have tiny leaf-like appendages in two rows on the stem-like structures.
$\rightarrow$ Reproduction: Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by fragmentation of thalli or by the formation of specialised structures called gemmae.
$\rightarrow$ Gemmae develop in small receptacles called gemma cups located on the thalli. The gemmae become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals.
$\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction: During sexual reproduction,male and female sex organs are produced either on the same or on different thalli.
$\rightarrow$ The sporophyte is differentiated into a foot,seta,and capsule. After meiosis,spores are produced within the capsule. These spores germinate to form free-living gametophytes.