Write down four important characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror.

The power of a lens is $5$ dioptre. What is the focal length of the lens (in $m$)?

Identify the device used as a spherical mirror or lens in the following cases,where the image formed is virtual and erect in each case.
$(a)$ Object is placed between the device and its focus,image formed is enlarged and behind it.
$(b)$ Object is placed between the focus and the device,image formed is enlarged and on the same side as that of the object.
$(c)$ Object is placed between infinity and the device,image formed is diminished and between the focus and optical centre on the same side as that of the object.
$(d)$ Object is placed between infinity and the device,image formed is diminished and between the pole and focus,behind it.

$A$ ray of light is incident obliquely on a glass slab. Draw a ray diagram showing the path of the light ray. Clearly,mark the angle of incidence,angle of refraction,angle of emergence,and lateral displacement of the ray. Give a formula to find the refractive index of the glass slab in terms of the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction.

Where will the image of an object placed at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror form?

$(a)$ Why does a ray of light passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror after reflection get reflected back along the same path?
$(b)$ Why are convex mirrors commonly used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles?
$(c)$ $A$ pencil partly immersed in water in a glass tumbler appears to be displaced at the interface of air and water. Name the phenomenon of light responsible for it.