Write four main properties of $p$-block elements.

(N/A) The four important characteristic properties of $p$-block elements are as follows:
$(a)$ $p$-block elements include both metals and non-metals,but the number of non-metals is significantly higher. Metallic character increases from top to bottom within a group,while non-metallic character increases from left to right along a period.
$(b)$ The ionization enthalpy of $p$-block elements is generally higher compared to $s$-block elements.
$(c)$ They predominantly form covalent compounds.
$(d)$ They exhibit variable oxidation states. Oxidizing character generally increases from left to right across a period,while reducing character increases from top to bottom within a group.