Write a short note on the following: $(a)$ Hypertension $(b)$ Coronary Artery Disease

(N/A) Hypertension: Hypertension is the term for blood pressure that is higher than normal $(120/80 \ mmHg)$. In this measurement,$120 \ mmHg$ represents the systolic pressure (pumping phase) and $80 \ mmHg$ represents the diastolic pressure (resting phase). If repeated checks of blood pressure of an individual is $140/90 \ mmHg$ or higher,it shows hypertension. High blood pressure leads to heart diseases and also affects vital organs like the brain and kidneys.
$(b)$ Coronary Artery Disease $(CAD)$: Often referred to as atherosclerosis,it affects the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle. It is caused by deposits of calcium,fat,cholesterol,and fibrous tissues,which make the lumen of the arteries narrower.