Write the modes by which insects affect the crop yield.

(N/A) Following are the different modes by which insect pests affect the crop yield:
$(i)$ Cutting: Some insect pests cut different plant parts like leaves,fruits,and flowers,thereby damaging the plant. Damaged leaves result in a lower rate of photosynthesis,and damaged flowers lead to reduced seed production.
$(ii)$ Borers: Some pests bore into plant parts and live inside,such as stem borers or fruit borers. These pests consume the plant's resources.
$(iii)$ Suckers: Some pests use their specialized mouthparts (proboscis) to suck cell sap from various plant parts,weakening the plant.