State whether the following statement is true or false:
The relative atomic masses of all elements have been found with respect to an atom of oxygen-$16$.

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(FALSE) The statement is False.
Historically,oxygen-$16$ was used as a reference standard for atomic mass,but it was replaced by carbon-$12$ in $1961$. Currently,the relative atomic mass of an element is defined as the average mass of the atoms of the element compared to $1/12$th the mass of a carbon-$12$ atom.

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The average atomic mass of a sample of an element $y$ is $35.5 \,u$. What are the percentages of isotopes $_{17}^{37}y$ and $_{17}^{35}y$ in the sample?

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Which of the following statements is always correct?

State whether the following statement is true or false:
Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole numbers to form compounds.

$(a)$ Both helium and beryllium have two electrons in their valence shells. Helium is a noble gas whereas beryllium is a metal. Justify.
$(b)$ Hydrogen exists in three isotopic forms. Why are the isotopes of hydrogen chemically alike?

$(a)$ Write two drawbacks of Rutherford's model of an atom.
$(b)$ State Bohr's postulates to overcome the drawbacks of Rutherford's model.

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