The phenomenon of "Electromagnetic induction" was discovered by which scientist?

$A$ cylindrical bar magnet is kept along the axis of a circular coil. If the magnet is rotated about its axis,then

Assertion : Lenz's law violates the principle of conservation of energy.
Reason : Induced $emf$ always opposes the change in magnetic flux responsible for its production.

$A$ circular loop of wire is in the same plane as an infinitely long wire carrying a constant current $i$. Four possible motions of the loop are marked by $N, E, W$,and $S$ as shown below. $A$ clockwise current is induced in the loop when the loop is pulled towards:

Assertion $(A)$: It is more difficult to push a magnet into a coil with a greater number of turns.
Reason $(R)$: The $emf$ induced in a coil opposes the motion of a magnet when it is moved towards the coil.

$A$ coil having $500$ square loops each of side $10 \ cm$ is placed normal to a magnetic flux which increases at a rate of $1 \ T s^{-1}$. The induced emf is (in $V$)