Explain the method of obtaining alcohols from carboxylic acids and esters.
(N/A) From Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylic acids are reduced to primary alcohols in excellent yields by the use of a strong reducing agent,lithium aluminium hydride $(LiAlH_{4})$.
Since $LiAlH_{4}$ is an expensive reagent,it is used only for preparing special chemicals.
$(b)$ From Esters: On an industrial scale,carboxylic acids are first converted to esters,which are then reduced to alcohols by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst.
$RCOOH + R'OH$ $\xrightarrow{H^+} RCOOR'$ $\xrightarrow{H_2, \text{catalyst}} RCH_2OH + R'OH$
Since $LiAlH_{4}$ is an expensive reagent,it is used only for preparing special chemicals.
$(b)$ From Esters: On an industrial scale,carboxylic acids are first converted to esters,which are then reduced to alcohols by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst.
$RCOOH + R'OH$ $\xrightarrow{H^+} RCOOR'$ $\xrightarrow{H_2, \text{catalyst}} RCH_2OH + R'OH$
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Explain the preparation of alcohols by acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes with its mechanism.
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What is the final product of this reaction?
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$(iii)$ pentan$-1-$ol using a suitable alkyl halide?
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