How many reactions of aryl halides with metals are there? Explain with examples.
(N/A) There are three main reactions of aryl halides with metals: $(a)$ Wurtz-Fittig reaction,$(b)$ Fittig reaction,and $(c)$ Grignard reaction.
$(a)$ Wurtz-Fittig reaction: When a mixture of an alkyl halide and an aryl halide is treated with sodium metal in dry ether,an alkylarene is formed. This is known as the Wurtz-Fittig reaction.
Example: $C_6H_5X + RX + 2Na \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5R + 2NaX$
$(b)$ Fittig reaction: When aryl halides are treated with sodium metal in dry ether,two aryl groups join together to form diaryl compounds. This is known as the Fittig reaction.
Example: $2C_6H_5X + 2Na \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5-C_6H_5 + 2NaX$
$(c)$ Grignard reaction: Aryl halides react with magnesium metal in the presence of dry ether to form aryl magnesium halides (Grignard reagents).
Example: $C_6H_5X + Mg \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5MgX$
$(a)$ Wurtz-Fittig reaction: When a mixture of an alkyl halide and an aryl halide is treated with sodium metal in dry ether,an alkylarene is formed. This is known as the Wurtz-Fittig reaction.
Example: $C_6H_5X + RX + 2Na \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5R + 2NaX$
$(b)$ Fittig reaction: When aryl halides are treated with sodium metal in dry ether,two aryl groups join together to form diaryl compounds. This is known as the Fittig reaction.
Example: $2C_6H_5X + 2Na \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5-C_6H_5 + 2NaX$
$(c)$ Grignard reaction: Aryl halides react with magnesium metal in the presence of dry ether to form aryl magnesium halides (Grignard reagents).
Example: $C_6H_5X + Mg \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5MgX$
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What is the product $X$ in the following Wurtz-Fittig reaction?
Identify the major product formed in the following reaction.
$Chlorobenzene \xrightarrow{Cl_2, \text{ Anhydrous } FeCl_3} \text{Product}$
$Chlorobenzene \xrightarrow{Cl_2, \text{ Anhydrous } FeCl_3} \text{Product}$
The decreasing order of reactivity of $m$-nitrobromobenzene $(I)$,$2,4,6$-trinitrobromobenzene $(II)$,$p$-nitrobromobenzene $(III)$,and $2,4$-dinitrobromobenzene $(IV)$ towards $OH^{-}$ ions is
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View SolutionIn chlorobenzene,the $-Cl$ group is deactivating; however,it still undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Column-$(I)$ contains the reagents and Column-$(II)$ contains the products. Match Column-$(I)$ with Column-$(II)$.
| Column-$(I)$ (Reagents) | Column-$(II)$ (Products) |
| :--- | :--- |
| $(A)$ $Cl_2$ / anhydrous $AlCl_3$ | $(i)$ $1$-chloro-$2$-methylbenzene + $1$-chloro-$4$-methylbenzene |
| $(B)$ conc. $HNO_3$ + conc. $H_2SO_4$ | $(ii)$ $2$-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid + $4$-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid |
| $(C)$ conc. $H_2SO_4$ and heat | $(iii)$ $1,2$-dichlorobenzene + $1,4$-dichlorobenzene |
| $(D)$ $CH_3COCl$ in presence of anhydrous $AlCl_3$ | $(iv)$ $2$-chloroacetophenone + $4$-chloroacetophenone |
| | $(v)$ $1$-chloro-$2$-nitrobenzene + $1$-chloro-$4$-nitrobenzene |
| Column-$(I)$ (Reagents) | Column-$(II)$ (Products) |
| :--- | :--- |
| $(A)$ $Cl_2$ / anhydrous $AlCl_3$ | $(i)$ $1$-chloro-$2$-methylbenzene + $1$-chloro-$4$-methylbenzene |
| $(B)$ conc. $HNO_3$ + conc. $H_2SO_4$ | $(ii)$ $2$-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid + $4$-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid |
| $(C)$ conc. $H_2SO_4$ and heat | $(iii)$ $1,2$-dichlorobenzene + $1,4$-dichlorobenzene |
| $(D)$ $CH_3COCl$ in presence of anhydrous $AlCl_3$ | $(iv)$ $2$-chloroacetophenone + $4$-chloroacetophenone |
| | $(v)$ $1$-chloro-$2$-nitrobenzene + $1$-chloro-$4$-nitrobenzene |
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View SolutionWhich chloroderivative of benzene among the following would undergo hydrolysis most readily with aqueous $NaOH$ to furnish the corresponding hydroxy derivative?
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