Fill in the blanks:
$(a)$ The friction acting on both wheels of a moving bicycle is in the ..... direction.
$(b)$ Friction depends on the ........... and ........ of the contact surfaces.
$(c)$ The necessary condition for parking a vehicle on a banked,curved road is ...........
$(d)$ The time rate of change of momentum gives the physical quantity ...........

$A$ metallic block of mass $20 \ kg$ is dragged with a uniform velocity of $0.5 \ ms^{-1}$ on a horizontal table for $2.1 \ s$. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the table is $0.10$. What will be the maximum possible rise in temperature of the metal block if the specific heat of the block is $0.1 \ cal \ g^{-1} \ ^{\circ}C^{-1}$ (in $^{\circ} C$)? Assume $g = 10 \ ms^{-2}$ and a uniform rise in temperature throughout the whole block. [Ignore absorption of heat by the table]

What is the relationship between $W_1$ and $W_2$?

$A$ balloon of mass $m$ is descending down with an acceleration $\frac{g}{2}$. How much mass should be removed from it so that it starts moving up with the same acceleration?

An object of mass $M$ is placed on a rough horizontal surface (coefficient of friction $\mu$). $A$ person tries to pull the object by applying a horizontal force,but the object does not move. The force $F$ exerted by the surface on the object is:

What is the value of the contact force $R$ on an object of mass $m$ placed on an inclined plane with angle $\theta$?