According to Dalton's atomic theory,which other laws are explained by the atomic theory?

$n_1 \ g$ of substance $X$ reacts with $n_2 \ g$ of substance $Y$ to form $m_1 \ g$ of substance $R$ and $m_2 \ g$ of substance $S$. The reaction is represented as $X + Y \rightarrow R + S$. What is the relationship between the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products?

Ammonia contains $82.35\%$ nitrogen and $17.65\%$ hydrogen. Water contains $88.90\%$ oxygen and $11.10\%$ hydrogen. Nitrogen dioxide contains $63.15\%$ oxygen and $36.85\%$ nitrogen. Which law can be illustrated by the given data?

Assertion : Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed.
Reason : Under similar conditions of temperature and pressure,equal volumes of gases do not contain equal numbers of atoms.

$A$ sample of calcium carbonate has the following percentage composition: $Ca = 40 \%$,$C = 12 \%$,and $O = 48 \%$. According to the law of definite proportion,the weight of calcium in $4 \ g$ of a sample of calcium carbonate from another source will be (atomic weights: $Ca = 40, C = 12, O = 16$).

The law of multiple proportions is illustrated by the two compounds: