Which animals have evolved from reptiles?

The Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era is characterized by:

Closely related,morphologically similar sympatric populations,but reproductively isolated,are designated as

Select the correct option for the wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bird.

Assertion $A$: Organisms show variations to adapt and utilize the environment to the maximum extent.
Reason $R$: Variations lead to the formation of new species.
Which option is correct for Assertion $A$ and Reason $R$?

Match the following columns:

List-$I$	List-$II$
$(a)$ Hugo de Vries	$(i)$ Natural Selection
$(b)$ Hardy-Weinberg	$(ii)$ Saltation
$(c)$ Darwin	$(iii)$ $(p+q)^2 = 1$
$(d)$ Lamarck	$(iv)$ Acquired Characters