Pisaster is a . . . . . . .

An ecosystem creates:

Which of the following is a producer in the plant kingdom?

Match the following columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Earthworm	$(i)$ Pioneer species
$(b)$ Succession	$(ii)$ Detritivores
$(c)$ Ecosystem service	$(iii)$ Birth rate
$(d)$ Population growth	$(iv)$ Pollination

Match the columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(i)$ Primary succession	$(i)$ Development of ecosystem
$(ii)$ Ecological succession	$(ii)$ Lichens
$(iii)$ Pioneer species on rocks	$(iii)$ Near to the equilibrium with the environment
$(iv)$ Climax community	$(iv)$ New species on bare environment

$A$: Niche becomes general and broader during biotic succession.
$R$: Species diversity increases but organic matter is decreased.