Genetic mutations occur in:

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(A) Genetic mutations are defined as permanent alterations in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism. Since $DNA$ serves as the primary

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$DNA$

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(A) Genetic mutations are defined as permanent alterations in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism. Since $DNA$ serves as the primary genetic material in almost all living organisms,mutations primarily occur in the $DNA$ sequence. While $RNA$ viruses can undergo mutations in their $RNA$ genome,in the context of general biological principles and the central dogma,genetic mutations are fundamentally changes in $DNA$.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ $\phi \times 174$ bacteriophage	$(i)$ $48502 \ \text{b.p}$
$(b)$ Human (diploid)	$(ii)$ $5386$ bases
$(c)$ $E. coli$	$(iii)$ $6.6 \times 10^9 \ \text{b.p}$
$(d)$ $\lambda$-phage	$(iv)$ $4.6 \times 10^6 \ \text{b.p}$

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Match the following columns $:-$

Column-$I$ Column-$II$

$(a)$ $\phi \times 174$ bacteriophage $(i)$ $48502 \ \text{b.p}$

$(b)$ Human (diploid) $(ii)$ $5386$ bases

$(c)$ $E. coli$ $(iii)$ $6.6 \times 10^9 \ \text{b.p}$

$(d)$ $\lambda$-phage $(iv)$ $4.6 \times 10^6 \ \text{b.p}$

What is the reason for the anti-parallel nature of $DNA$ strands?

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