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(A) Organisms reproduce to create new individuals that are similar to their parents but not identical. This phenomenon is known as variation. Variatio

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Due to an increase in the degree of variation

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(A) Organisms reproduce to create new individuals that are similar to their parents but not identical. This phenomenon is known as variation. Variations arise due to changes in genetic material during reproduction (such as $DNA$ replication errors,recombination during meiosis,or mutations). When these variations accumulate over generations,they lead to differences in the characteristics of the offspring compared to their parents. Therefore,the degree of variation determines how distinct an organism is from its parents.

Column $I$	Column $II$
$(a) XX-XO$ method of sex determination	$(i)$ Turner's syndrome
$(b) XX-XY$ method of sex determination	$(ii)$ Female heterogametic
$(c)$ Karyotype $45$	$(iii)$ Grasshopper
$(d) ZW-ZZ$ method of sex determination	$(iv)$ Female homogametic

Why does a new organism differ from its parents in its characteristics?

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$A$ : Test cross is the tool for knowing linkage between genes.
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