When the potential difference applied to an $X$-ray tube is increased, the resulting emitted radiation shows:

For the production of $X$-rays, the target should be made of

The structure of solids is investigated by using

The energy of an electromagnetic radiation is $14.4 \, KeV$. To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does it belong?

$\Delta \lambda$ is the difference between the wavelength of the $K_\alpha$ line and the minimum wavelength of the continuous $X$-ray spectrum when the $X$-ray tube is operated at a voltage $V$. If the operating voltage is changed to $V / 3$,then the above difference is $\Delta \lambda^{\prime}$. Then:

If $\lambda_{Cu}$ is the wavelength of the $K_{\alpha}$ $X$-ray line of copper (atomic number $Z = 29$) and $\lambda_{Mo}$ is the wavelength of the $K_{\alpha}$ $X$-ray line of molybdenum (atomic number $Z = 42$),then the ratio $\frac{\lambda_{Cu}}{\lambda_{Mo}}$ is close to: