If the binding energy per nucleon for $_3{Li}^7$ and $_2{He}^4$ nuclei are $5.60 \, MeV$ and $7.06 \, MeV$ respectively,then the energy released in the reaction $_3{Li}^7 + _1H^1 \rightarrow 2 \, _2{He}^4$ is ...... $MeV$.

The mass of a proton is $1.0073 \; u$ and that of a neutron is $1.0087 \; u$ ($u =$ atomic mass unit). The binding energy of ${ }_2^4 \text{He}$ is (Given: helium nucleus mass $\approx 4.0015 \; u$):

From the given data,the amount of energy required to break the nucleus of aluminium ${ }_{13}^{27} {Al}$ is $x \times 10^{-3} {J}$.
Mass of neutron $= 1.00866 \, {u}$
Mass of proton $= 1.00726 \, {u}$
Mass of aluminium nucleus $= 26.98154 \, {u}$
(Assume $1 \, {u}$ corresponds to $1 \, {J}$ of energy for the purpose of this calculation)
(Round off to the nearest integer)

The deuteron is bound by nuclear forces just as the $H$-atom is made up of a proton and an electron bound by electrostatic forces. If we consider the force between the neutron and proton in a deuteron as given in the form of a Coulomb potential but with an effective charge $e'$: $F = \frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_0} \frac{e'^2}{r^2}$,estimate the value of $(e'/e)$ given that the binding energy of a deuteron is $2.2 \text{ MeV}$.

Deuteron is a bound state of a neutron and a proton with a binding energy $B = 2.2 \, MeV$. $A$ $\gamma$-ray of energy $E$ is aimed at a deuteron nucleus to try to break it into a (neutron + proton) such that the $n$ and $p$ move in the direction of the incident $\gamma$-ray. If $E = B$,show that this cannot happen. Hence,calculate how much bigger than $B$ must $E$ be for such a process to happen.

Einstein's mass-energy relation emerging out of his famous theory of relativity relates mass $(m)$ to energy $(E)$ as $E = mc^2$,where $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. At the nuclear level,the magnitudes of energy are very small. The energy at the nuclear level is usually measured in $MeV$,where $1\,MeV = 1.6 \times 10^{-13}\,J$; the masses are measured in unified atomic mass unit $(u)$,where $1\,u = 1.6605 \times 10^{-27}\,kg$.
$(a)$ Show that the energy equivalent of $1\,u$ is approximately $931.5\,MeV$.
$(b)$ $A$ student writes the relation as $1\,u = 931.5\,MeV$. The teacher points out that the relation is dimensionally incorrect. Write the correct relation.