Which law is associated with the following equation: $\oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{l} = -\frac{d\phi_B}{dt}$?

Suppose a long solenoid of $100 \ cm$ length, radius $2 \ cm$ having $500 \ turns/cm$ carries a current $I = 10 \sin(\omega t) \ A$, where $\omega = 1000 \ rad/s$. $A$ circular conducting loop $(B)$ of radius $1 \ cm$ is coaxially placed inside the solenoid. The r.m.s. current through the loop when the coil $B$ is inside the solenoid is $\alpha / \sqrt{2} \ \mu A$. The value of $\alpha$ is . . . . . . . [Resistance of the loop $= 10 \ \Omega$]

The magnetic flux through a coil of resistance $10\,\Omega$ changes. As a result,an induced current is developed in it,which varies with time as shown in the figure. The magnitude of the change in magnetic flux through the coil in webers is:

$A$ magnetic field $B = 2t + 4t^{2}$ (where $t$ is time) is applied perpendicular to the plane of a circular wire of radius $r$ and resistance $R$. If all units are in $SI$, the electric charge that flows through the circular wire during $t = 0 \ s$ to $t = 2 \ s$ is:

The magnetic flux linked with a coil at any instant $t$ is given by $\phi = 5t^3 - 100t + 300$. The $e.m.f.$ induced in the coil at $t = 2 \ s$ is $....... \ V$.

Two square wire frames $abcd$ and $efgh$ are placed in a uniformly decreasing magnetic field as shown in the figure. The direction of the induced current in both the loops is