Three particles of mass $1 \, kg$ each are placed at $(0, 0)$,$(0, 0.2 \, m)$,and $(0.2 \, m, 0)$. What is the net gravitational force on the particle placed at the origin?

The ratio of the $K.E.$ required to be given to a satellite to escape Earth's gravitational field to the $K.E.$ required to be given so that the satellite moves in a circular orbit just above Earth's atmosphere is:

The correct graph representing the variation of total energy $(E_t)$,kinetic energy $(E_k)$,and potential energy $(U)$ of a satellite with its distance $(r)$ from the centre of the Earth is:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R)$.
$Assertion$ $(A)$: The angular speed of the moon in its orbit about the earth is more than the angular speed of the earth in its orbit about the sun.
$Reason$ $(R)$: The moon takes less time to move around the earth than the time taken by the earth to move around the sun.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Fill in the blanks:
$(a)$ The value of gravitational intensity at the center of the Earth is ..... .
$(b)$ The potential energy of a satellite is $-8 \times 10^9 \, J$,then its binding energy is ............ .
$(c)$ Kepler's second law regarding the constancy of the areal velocity of a planet is a consequence of the law of conservation of .......... .

$A$ gas molecule of mass $M$ at the surface of the Earth has kinetic energy equivalent to $0\,^{\circ}C$. If it were to go up straight without colliding with any other molecules,how high would it rise? Assume that the height attained is much less than the radius of the Earth. ($k_B$ is Boltzmann constant)