What is formed when ethyl alcohol reacts with acetyl chloride?

$CH_3-CCl_3$ $\xrightarrow[(2) H^{+}]{(1) KOH_{(aq)}}$ $P$ $\xrightarrow[(2) \Delta]{(1) Ca(OH)_2}$ $Q$; $Q$ is:

Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of reactivity for the hydrolysis reaction:
$(I) C_6H_5COCl$
$(II) NO_2-C_6H_4-COCl$
$(III) CH_3-C_6H_4-COCl$
$(IV) OHC-C_6H_4-COCl$

$Ph-CO_2H$ $\xrightarrow{SOCl_2} A$ $\xrightarrow{Me_2NH} B$ $\xrightarrow{(C)} Ph-CHO$. The unknown reagent $(C)$ is:

The product of the reaction is:

In the presence of a small amount of phosphorus,aliphatic carboxylic acids react with chlorine or bromine to yield a compound in which $\alpha$-hydrogen has been replaced by a halogen. This reaction is known as: