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(A) The reactivity of acid chlorides towards nucleophilic acyl substitution (hydrolysis) depends on the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon.Electr

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$II > IV > I > III$

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(A) The reactivity of acid chlorides towards nucleophilic acyl substitution (hydrolysis) depends on the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon.Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ increase the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon,thereby increasing the reactivity towards hydrolysis.Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ decrease the electrophilicity,thereby decreasing the reactivity.Comparing the substituents on the benzene ring:$(II)$ contains $-NO_2$ (strong $EWG$).$(IV)$ contains $-CHO$ $(EWG)$.$(I)$ has no substituent (reference).$(III)$ contains $-CH_3$ $(EDG)$.The order of electron-withdrawing strength is $-NO_2 > -CHO > H > -CH_3$.Therefore,the decreasing order of reactivity is $(II) > (IV) > (I) > (III)$.

Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of reactivity for the hydrolysis reaction:
$(I) C_6H_5COCl$
$(II) NO_2-C_6H_4-COCl$
$(III) CH_3-C_6H_4-COCl$
$(IV) OHC-C_6H_4-COCl$

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In the following reaction,$X$ and $Y$ respectively are:
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Arrange the following compounds in order of their increasing acid strength:
$I: HO_2C(CH_2)_4CO_2H$
$II: CH_3CH(COOH)_2$
$III: HOOC-COOH$
$IV: HO_2C(CH_2)_3CO_2H$

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Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of reactivity for the hydrolysis reaction:$(I) C_6H_5COCl$$(II) NO_2-C_6H_4-COCl$$(III) CH_3-C_6H_4-COCl$$(IV) OHC-C_6H_4-COCl$