$A$ charge $Q$ is distributed over a line of length $L$. Another point charge $q$ is placed at a distance $r$ from the centre of the line distribution. Then the force experienced by $q$ is

Three charges are placed as shown in the figure. The magnitude of $q_1$ is $2.00\, \mu C$,but its sign and the value of the charge $q_2$ are not known. Charge $q_3$ is $+4.00\, \mu C$,and the net force on $q_3$ is entirely in the negative $x-$ direction. The magnitude of $q_2$ is

The unit of permittivity of free space ${\varepsilon _0}$ is

Three equal charges $q_1, q_2$ and $q_3$ are placed on the three corners of a square of side $a$. If the force between $q_1$ and $q_2$ is $F_{12}$ and that between $q_1$ and $q_3$ is $F_{13}$,then the ratio of magnitudes $\left(\frac{F_{12}}{F_{13}}\right)$ is

The charges on two spheres are $+7\,\mu C$ and $-5\,\mu C$ respectively. They experience a force $F$. If each of them is given an additional charge of $-2\,\mu C$,the new force of attraction will be

Two identical spheres each of radius $R$ are kept at a center-to-center spacing of $4R$ as shown in the figure. They are charged,and the electrostatic force of interaction between them is first calculated assuming them to be point-like charges at their centers $(F_c)$,and the force is also measured experimentally $(F_m)$. ($F_c$ and $F_m$ denote the magnitude of the force.)