A group which deactivates the benzene ring to | vedclass

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(B) The correct answer is $(B)$.Groups that withdraw electrons through the inductive effect ($-I$ effect) deactivate the benzene ring towards electrop

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$ - Cl $

Vedclass · Answer

(B) The correct answer is $(B)$.Groups that withdraw electrons through the inductive effect ($-I$ effect) deactivate the benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.Halogens like $-Cl$ possess a strong $-I$ effect,which deactivates the ring. However,they also possess a $+M$ (mesomeric) effect due to the presence of lone pairs on the halogen atom,which allows them to donate electron density to the ring via resonance.This resonance effect is most effective at the $o-$ (ortho) and $p-$ (para) positions,thereby directing the incoming electrophile to these positions.Therefore,$-Cl$ is a deactivating group that is $o-, p-$ directing.

$A$ group which deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution but which directs the incoming group principally to the $o-$ and $p-$ positions is

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