$A$ person cannot read a book at distances less than $50\, cm$. Name the defect of vision he is suffering from. How can it be corrected? Draw ray diagrams to show the image formation
$(i)$ by defective eye and
$(ii)$ after using corrective lens.

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(N/A) The defect of vision is Hypermetropia,also known as long-sightedness.
In this condition,the person can see distant objects clearly but cannot see nearby objects distinctly because the image of a nearby object is formed behind the retina.
It can be corrected by using a convex lens of suitable power,which converges the light rays before they enter the eye,allowing the image to be formed exactly on the retina.

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$(a)$ State two main causes of a person developing near-sightedness. How can this defect be corrected?
$(b)$ What is 'astigmatism' and how is this vision defect corrected?

The far point of a myopic person is $80 \, cm$ in front of the eyes. What is the nature and power of the lens required to enable him to see very distant objects distinctly?

$(i)$ Write the range of distance for a person having normal vision.
$(ii)$ $A$ person needs to use glasses for reading a newspaper. Identify the defect in his vision and the type of lens he would need to correct it.
$(iii)$ Sometimes when we enter into a dark room from bright sunlight,we are unable to see objects clearly. Why?

Write the value of the near point of distinct vision for a normal eye.

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