$A$ photon in motion has a mass.

Assertion: The energy $(E)$ and momentum $(p)$ of a photon are related by $p = E/c$.
Reason: The photon behaves like a particle.

$A$ $2\,mW$ laser operates at a wavelength of $500\,nm.$ The number of photons that will be emitted per second is [Given Planck's constant $h = 6.6 \times 10^{-34}\,Js,$ speed of light $c = 3.0 \times 10^8\,m/s$]

$(a)$ When monochromatic light is incident on a surface separating two media,the reflected and refracted light both have the same frequency as the incident frequency. Explain why?
$(b)$ When light travels from a rarer to a denser medium,the speed decreases. Does the reduction in speed imply a reduction in the energy carried by the light wave?
$(c)$ In the wave picture of light,intensity of light is determined by the square of the amplitude of the wave. What determines the intensity of light in the photon picture of light?

$A$ proton moving with a momentum $p_{1}$ has a kinetic energy $1/8$th of its rest mass-energy. Another light photon having energy equal to the kinetic energy of the proton possesses a momentum $p_{2}$. Then,the ratio $\frac{p_{1}-p_{2}}{p_{1}}$ is equal to

The particle having zero rest mass is