$A$ uniform magnetic field exists in the plane of paper pointing from left to right as shown in Figure. In the field,an electron and a proton move as shown. The electron and the proton experience:

Explain the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. Describe an experiment to show that a current is set up in a closed loop when an external magnetic field passing through the loop increases or decreases.

Answer the following questions:
$(i)$ What is the direction of magnetic field lines outside a bar-magnet?
$(ii)$ Why two magnetic field lines cannot intersect each other?
$(iii)$ What is indicated by crowding of magnetic field lines in a given region?
$(iv)$ What is the frequency of $AC$ in India?
$(v)$ State one advantage of $AC$ over $DC$.

What will be the frequency of an alternating current if its direction changes after every $0.01\,s$ (in $,Hz$)?

Which is the direction of magnetic force acting on a current-carrying wire placed in a magnetic field?

The diagram below shows a coil connected to a centre zero galvanometer $G$. The galvanometer shows a deflection to the right when the $N$ pole of a powerful magnet is moved to the right as shown.
$(i)$ Explain why the deflection occurs in the galvanometer.
$(ii)$ Does the direction of current in the coil appear clockwise or anticlockwise when viewed from end $A$?
$(iii)$ State the observation in $G$ when the coil is moved away from $N$.
$(iv)$ State the observation in $G$ when,both coil and the magnet,are moved to the right at the same speed.