An endoscope is employed by a physician to view the internal parts of a body organ. It is based on the principle of

$A$ transparent solid cylindrical rod has a refractive index of $\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}$. It is surrounded by air. $A$ light ray is incident at the mid-point of one end of the rod as shown in the figure. The incident angle $\theta$ for which the light ray grazes along the wall of the rod is

Consider the ray diagram for the refraction given below. The maximum value of angle $\theta$ for which the light suffers total internal reflection at the vertical surface is:

$A$ glass prism of refractive index $1.5$ is immersed in water (refractive index $4/3$) as shown in the figure. $A$ light beam incident normally on face $AB$ undergoes total internal reflection at face $BC$.

Consider light travelling from a medium $A$ to medium $B$ separated by a plane interface. If the light undergoes total internal reflection during its travel from medium $A$ to $B$ and the speed of light in media $A$ and $B$ are $2.4 \times 10^8 \ m/s$ and $2.7 \times 10^8 \ m/s$ respectively, then the value of critical angle is:

$A$ well-cut diamond appears bright because