Which of the following compounds gives the $2,4-DNP$ test?

The reagent used for the separation of acetaldehyde from acetophenone is

Which of the following compounds gives a positive test with $2,4$-$DNP$ ($2$,$4$-dinitrophenylhydrazine)?
$(a)$ Acetone
$(b)$ Butan-$2$-one
$(c)$ Acetaldehyde
$(d)$ Formaldehyde

What are $A, B, C$ and $D$ in the following cross-aldol condensation reaction?
$\text{Propanal} + \text{Ethanal} \xrightarrow[ii) \ \Delta]{i) \ NaOH} A + B + C + D$
(The products are the four possible $\alpha,\beta$-unsaturated aldehydes formed by self and cross-aldol condensation followed by dehydration.)

How will you convert butan$-2-$one to propanoic acid?

Write a note on the electrophilic substitution reaction of aromatic aldehydes and ketones.