Consider a metal ball of radius $r$ moving at a constant velocity $v$ in a uniform magnetic field of induction $\vec{B}$. Assuming that the direction of velocity forms an angle $\alpha$ with the direction of $\vec{B}$,the maximum potential difference between points on the ball is

The figure shows a metal rod $PQ$ resting on the smooth rails $AB$ and positioned between the poles of a permanent magnet. The rails,the rod,and the magnetic field are in three mutually perpendicular directions. $A$ galvanometer $G$ connects the rails through a switch $K$. Length of the rod $= 15 \; cm$,$B = 0.50 \; T$,resistance of the closed loop containing the rod $= 9.0 \; m\Omega$. Assume the field to be uniform.
$(a)$ Suppose $K$ is open and the rod is moved with a speed of $12 \; cm \; s^{-1}$ in the direction shown. Give the polarity and magnitude of the induced $emf$.
$(b)$ Is there an excess charge built up at the ends of the rod when $K$ is open? What if $K$ is closed?
$(c)$ With $K$ open and the rod moving uniformly,there is no net force on the electrons in the rod $PQ$ even though they do experience magnetic force due to the motion of the rod. Explain.
$(d)$ What is the retarding force on the rod when $K$ is closed?
$(e)$ How much power is required (by an external agent) to keep the rod moving at the same speed $(= 12 \; cm \; s^{-1})$ when $K$ is closed? How much power is required when $K$ is open?
$(f)$ How much power is dissipated as heat in the closed circuit? What is the source of this power?
$(g)$ What is the induced $emf$ in the moving rod if the magnetic field is parallel to the rails instead of being perpendicular?

$A$ constant magnetic field of $1 \, T$ is applied in the $x > 0$ region. $A$ metallic circular ring of radius $1 \, m$ is moving with a constant velocity of $1 \, m/s$ along the $x$-axis. At $t = 0 \, s$,the center $O$ of the ring is at $x = -1 \, m$. What will be the value of the induced $emf$ in the ring at $t = 1 \, s$? (Assume the velocity of the ring does not change.) (In $V$)

$A$ long,rectangular conducting loop of width $l$,mass $m$,and resistance $R$ is placed partly in a perpendicular magnetic field $B$. It is pushed downwards with velocity $v$ so that it may continue to fall freely. The velocity $v$ is ($g=$ acceleration due to gravity).

Consider the situation shown in the figure. The wire $PQ$ has a negligible resistance and is made to slide on the three rails with a constant speed of $5 \, cm/s$. Find the current in the $10 \, \Omega$ resistor when the switch $S$ is connected to the middle rail. (Given: $B = 1.0 \, T$) (in $mA$)

$A$ wire of length $1\, m$ is perpendicular to the $x-y$ plane. It is moved with velocity $\vec{v} = (3\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} + 2\hat{k})\, m/s$ through a region of uniform magnetic field $\vec{B} = (\hat{i} + 2\hat{j})\, T$. The potential difference between the ends of the wire is (in $V$):