Consider two charges $+q$ and $-q$ $(q > 0)$ placed at a distance $2a$ from each other. At the point $M$ (see figure below),the electric field makes an angle $\phi$ with the $x$-axis. The correct value of $\phi$ is (in $^{\circ}$)

$A$ point charge $q$ of mass $m$ is suspended vertically by a string of length $l$. $A$ point dipole of dipole moment $\overrightarrow{ p }$ is now brought towards $q$ from infinity so that the charge moves away. The final equilibrium position of the system including the direction of the dipole,the angles and distances is shown in the figure. If the work done in bringing the dipole to this position is $N \times (mgh)$,where $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity,then the value of $N$ is. . . . . . (Note that for three coplanar forces keeping a point mass in equilibrium,$\frac{F}{\sin \theta}$ is the same for all forces,where $F$ is any one of the forces and $\theta$ is the angle between the other two forces)

When does the torque acting on an electric dipole in a uniform electric field become maximum?

When dipole moment $\vec{P}$ is parallel to a non-uniform electric field $\vec{E}$,the net force on the electric dipole is . . . . . . .

When three electric dipoles are near each other,they each experience the electric field of the other two,and the three-dipole system has a certain potential energy. The figure below shows three arrangements $(1)$,$(2)$,and $(3)$ in which three electric dipoles are side by side. All three dipoles have the same magnitude of electric dipole moment,and the spacings between adjacent dipoles are identical. If $U_1$,$U_2$,and $U_3$ are potential energies of the arrangements $(1)$,$(2)$,and $(3)$ respectively,then:

$A$ point particle of mass $M$ is attached to one end of a massless non-conducting rod of length $L$. Another point particle of the same mass is attached to the other end of the rod. The two particles carry charges $+q$ and $-q$ respectively. This arrangement is placed in a region of uniform electric field $E$. When the rod makes a small angle $(< 5^o)$ with the direction of the field,what is the minimum time required for the rod to become parallel to the field?