Ecological succession on sand is known as:

$A$ food chain consists of:

Which of the following are known as the 'pioneer species' in primary succession?

Which of the following processes is faster?

$X-$ Atmospheric input of phosphorus through rainfall is much smaller than carbon input.
$Y-$ The exchange of phosphorus between organisms and the environment is negligible.

If less light falls on the pond's surface,what is the most likely consequence for the fish population?