Explain the directional properties of bonds using $VB$ theory.

(N/A) The covalent bond is formed by the overlapping of atomic orbitals.
The molecule of hydrogen is formed due to the overlap of $1s$ orbitals of two $H$ atoms.
In the case of polyatomic molecules like $CH_4$,$NH_3$,and $H_2O$,the geometry of the molecules is also important in addition to the bond formation.
In $CH_4$,the shape is tetrahedral and the $H-C-H$ bond angle is $109.5^{\circ}$. $NH_3$ has a pyramidal shape.
To explain these directional properties,the concept of hybridization of atomic orbitals is required.