Explain the terms potential and potential difference. Give their $SI$ units.

The resistivity of semiconductor materials is $..........$.

Three resistors of $5 \, \Omega$,$10 \, \Omega$,and $15 \, \Omega$ are connected in series,and the combination is connected to a battery of $30 \, V$. An ammeter and a voltmeter are connected in the circuit. Draw a circuit diagram to connect all the devices in the correct order. What is the current flowing through the circuit and the potential difference across the $10 \, \Omega$ resistor?

$(a)$ Why is the series arrangement not used for domestic circuits?
$(b)$ Why is tungsten used almost exclusively for the filament of electric lamps?
$(c)$ Why are the conductors of electric heating devices,such as bread toasters and electric irons,made of an alloy rather than a pure metal?
$(d)$ Why are copper and aluminium wires usually employed for electricity transmission?
$(e)$ Why does the cord of an electric heater not glow while the heating element does?

When do we say that the resistors are connected in parallel?

In the given circuit,calculate $(i)$ total resistance of the circuit,and (ii) current shown by the ammeter.