Fill in the blanks using the word$(s)$ from the list appended with each statement:
$(a)$ Surface tension of liquids generally . . . with temperatures (increases / decreases)
$(b)$ Viscosity of gases . . . with temperature,whereas viscosity of liquids . . . with temperature (increases / decreases)
$(c)$ For solids with elastic modulus of rigidity,the shearing force is proportional to . . .,while for fluids it is proportional to . . . (shear strain / rate of shear strain)
$(d)$ For a fluid in a steady flow,the increase in flow speed at a constriction follows (conservation of mass / Bernoulli's principle)
$(e)$ For the model of a plane in a wind tunnel,turbulence occurs at a . . . speed for turbulence for an actual plane (greater / smaller)

(A) Decreases: The surface tension of a liquid is inversely proportional to temperature.
$(b)$ Increases; decreases: Viscosity of gases increases with temperature due to increased molecular collisions,while viscosity of liquids decreases with temperature due to decreased cohesive forces.
$(c)$ Shear strain; rate of shear strain: For solids,the shearing force is proportional to shear strain (Hooke's Law),whereas for fluids,it is proportional to the rate of shear strain (Newton's Law of Viscosity).
$(d)$ Conservation of mass: The increase in flow speed at a constriction is primarily a consequence of the continuity equation,which is based on the conservation of mass.
$(e)$ Greater: For a model in a wind tunnel,the characteristic length is smaller,so to maintain the same Reynolds number as the actual plane,the flow speed must be greater.